Enhancing Cloud Resource Allocation with a Multi-Objective SARSA Whale Optimization Algorithm (MO_SAWOA)

Section: Articles

Abstract

As we know, cloud computing has become an increasingly popular solution to deliver scalable and effective solutions to the needs of today's modern applications. One of the greatest problems in this context is the efficient allocation of resources to the different needs of numerous users and applications. Reinforcement learning (RL) is an approach that can adapt dynamically to changing environments and is a promising solution. In this paper, the SARSA (state action reward state action) RL algorithm is combined with the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to propose a new resource allocation approach for cloud computing based on a multi objective optimization. We are going to refer to this method as MO SAWOA. It assists the SARSA algorithm to faster converge and prevents it from being trapped in the local optima. The proposed system handles complex multi objective resource allocation issues by improving load balancing, reducing makespan, saving costs, and enhancing user experience in dynamic cloud environments. It can also be used for real time systems (RTS) like public clouds like Amazon Web Services (AWS).

References

  1. Abdulrazzaq, D. R., Shati, N. M., & Hoomod, H. K. (2023, May). Bi-objective task scheduling based on heuristic initialization of the jellyfish search algorithm in cloud computing. In 2023 3rd International Scientific Conference of Engineering Sciences (ISCES) (pp. 25-30). IEEE.
  2. Abdulrazzaq, D. R., Shati, N. M., & Hoomod, H. K. (2024). Task scheduling in a cloud environment based on meta-heuristic approaches: A survey. Iraqi Journal of Science, 65(2), 1001-1023.
  3. Khan, F. A., Gumaei, A., Derhab, A., & Hussain, A. (2019). A novel two-stage deep learning model for efficient network intrusion detection. IEEE Access, 7, 30373–30385.
  4. Khraisat, A., Gondal, I., Vamplew, P., & Kamruzzaman, J. (2019). Survey of intrusion detection systems: Techniques, datasets and challenges. Cybersecurity, 2(1), 1–22.
  5. Saleh, H. H. (2016). Increasing security for cloud computing by steganography in image edges. Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science, 27(4), 63-70.
  6. Khudhair, H. A. (2025). Intelligent formation protocol: An approach for enhancing energy efficiency and network performance in wireless sensor networks. Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science, 36(1), 46-55.
  7. Gong, Y., Huang, J., Liu, B., Xu, J., Wu, B., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Dynamic resource allocation for virtual machine migration optimization using machine learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.13619.
  8. Arvindhan, M., & Kumar, D. R. (2023). Adaptive resource allocation in cloud data centers using actor-critical deep reinforcement learning for optimized load balancing. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 11(5s), 310-318.
  9. Panwar, R., & Supriya, M. (2024). Rlpraf: Reinforcement learning-based proactive resource allocation framework for resource provisioning in cloud environment. IEEE Access, 12, 95986-96007.
  10. Bansal, S., & Aggarwal, H. (2024). An efficient workflow scheduling in cloud–fog computing environment using a hybrid particle whale optimization algorithm. Wireless Personal Communications, 137(1), 441-475.
  11. Kumari, S., & Mishra, D. (2025). Adaptive, efficient and fair resource allocation in cloud datacenters leveraging weighted A3C deep reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.00929.
  12. Kusuma, G. S., & Devi, M. (2025). Optimized resource management and security enhancement in fog computing using advanced Q-learning approaches. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 15(3), 23965-23971.
  13. Chen, Y., Ganapathi, A. S., Griffith, R., & Katz, R. H. (2010). Analysis and lessons from a publicly available Google cluster trace (Tech. Rep. UCB/EECS-2010-95). EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley.
  14. Kruekaew, B., & Kimpan, W. (2022). Multi-objective task scheduling optimization for load balancing in cloud computing environment using hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm with reinforcement learning. IEEE Access, 10, 17803-17818.
  15. Dhari, A., & Arif, K. I. (2017). An efficient load balancing scheme for cloud computing. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(11), 1-8.
  16. Malti, A. N., Benmammar, B., & Hakem, M. (2022). QoS based task scheduling algorithm in cloud computing. E3S Web of Conferences, 351, Article 01014. EDP Sciences.
  17. Zhou, J., Lilhore, U. K., Hai, T., Simaiya, S., Jawawi, D. N. A., Alsekait, D. M., ... & Hamdi, M. (2023). Comparative analysis of metaheuristic load balancing algorithms for efficient load balancing in cloud computing. Journal of Cloud Computing, 12(1), 1-21.
  18. Bibal Benifa, J. V., & Dejey, D. (2019). Rlpas: Reinforcement learning-based proactive auto-scaler for resource provisioning in cloud environment. Mobile Networks and Applications, 24(4), 1348-1363.
  19. Natesan, G., & Chokkalingam, A. (2020). Multi-objective task scheduling using hybrid whale genetic optimization algorithm in heterogeneous computing environment. Wireless Personal Communications, 110(4), 1887-1913.
  20. Jain, P., & Sharma, S. K. (2023). A load balancing aware task scheduling using hybrid firefly salp swarm algorithm in cloud computing. International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, 10(6), 914-925.
  21. Mangalam Palli, S. S., Karri, G. R., Mohanty, S. N., Ali, S., Khan, M. I., Abdullaev, S., & AlQahtani, S. A. (2024). Multi-objective prioritized task scheduler using improved asynchronous advantage actor critic (A3C) algorithm in multi cloud environment. IEEE Access, 12, 11354-11377.
  22. Pan, J., Wei, Y., Meng, L., & Meng, X. (2025). A dual scheduling framework for task and resource allocation in clouds using deep reinforcement learning. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 37(5), Article 81.
Download this PDF file

Statistics

How to Cite

Enhancing Cloud Resource Allocation with a Multi-Objective SARSA Whale Optimization Algorithm (MO_SAWOA). (2026). AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, 20(1), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.33899/rjcsm.v20i1.60674
Copyright and Licensing

How to Cite

Enhancing Cloud Resource Allocation with a Multi-Objective SARSA Whale Optimization Algorithm (MO_SAWOA). (2026). AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, 20(1), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.33899/rjcsm.v20i1.60674